Verb Tense Review

Vamos trabalhar os tempos verbais da língua inglesa. Lembre-se de que não há possibilidade de se ter uma sentença sem verbo e sem sujeito, mesmo que inexistente.
Exemplo: There is one song that says it never rains in Southern California.
Lembre-se: não basta apenas saber a forma das estruturas gramaticais, mas o significado e ouso delas também.

Simple Present

É usado para:

· expressar ações habituais, frequentemente (ou não) repetidas.

Exemplos:

One of my sister's chores is to feed the cat. She feeds the cat every day.
Do you ever do your shopping here?
My father hardly ever goes to a soccer stadium.
I don't often travel by bus. How about you?
If you pay, the story rolls. If you don't, the story folds. (Stephen King, best-selling author)
Do politicians mean what they say?

Frequency words: ever = always, never, often = frequently, seldom = rarely, hardly ever = almost never, sometimes, every day (month, year)

· expressar presente histórico, muito usado em textos de jornal/revista

Exemplos da TIME Magazine - 7 de agosto, 2000:

The Concorde, an aviation icon, crashes as the pilots wage a desperate struggle
The White House plays a risky game at Camp David -. and loses. Yet peace hopes to stay alive.

· expressar ações futuras previstas em horário estabelecido

Exemplo:

A: What time does your bus leave?
B: It leaves at 9. There.s time for a cup of coffee.

· expressar verdades universais.

Exemplos:

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Bees make honey.
Chickens lay eggs.
Ice melts if left in the sun.

· deve ser usado também em .clauses. com if, when, as soon as, before, after (a forma será presente, mas o sentido será futuro.)

Exemplos:

I'll give the director your message as soon as he arrives.
I know Justin can do it. If he tries hard, he will succeed.

Present Progressive (Continuous)

É usado para expressar uma ação momentânea. Para formá-lo, use o presente do verbo to be + -ing do verbo principal.

Exemplos:

A: What are you doing here? Aren't you supposed to be at home now?
B: I am working on the financial report for tomorrow.s meeting.

Look! The flowers are dying.
Don't disturb your brother. He's studying for the History test.
If your little sister is sleeping, don't wake her up.

Também pode ser usado para expressar a ideia de que alguma coisa está sempre acontecendo.

Exemplo:

I avoid talking to my neighbor. She is always complaining about life.

Também pode ser usado para expressar ações futuras, devidamente planejadas.

Exemplo:

A: When are you leaving for Seoul, South Korea?
B: I'm leaving tonight.

Present Perfect Tense

Para formá-lo, use a forma presente de .have. como auxiliar (has, have) + o particípio passado do verbo principal (has written, have done, hasn.t eaten, haven.t checked)

Basicamente, este importante tempo verbal na língua inglesa descreve um fato passado com conexão com o presente. É geralmente associado aos seguintes advérbios: already, yet, just, ever, never, lately = recently, so far = up to now, many times, e às preposições since (marca o início da ação) e for (indica a duração da ação).

Exemplos:

I have already finished doing my Chemistry homework. I can now surf on the net.
Have you had dinner yet?
The (telephone) operator has not arrived yet. There.s no one to answer the phone.

I've never traveled by ship. It must be exciting!

A: Have you ever had an arm broken?
B: No, never. Thank God!

Have you seen the mayor lately?
I have not heard from my friends who are studying abroad recently.
Up to now I have replied three e-mail messages only.
Believe it or not, a friend of mine has seen "Ghost" five times.
I arrived at school at 7. It's 9 o'clock now. I have been here for two hours.
I have been here since 7 o'clock.

Quando se quer enfatizar a continuidade da ação, o Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous) é usado. Para formá-lo, você deve usar have (has) been + ing form do verbo principal.

Exemplos:

A: Your English is very good. How long have you been studying?
B: I've been studying English since I was 7 (years old).

I need to stand up and stretch a bit. I've been sitting for two hours.

Leia mais em: https://www.algosobre.com.br/ingles/verb-tenses.html